কাট লেদার বাই হ্যান্ড
২ সপ্তাহ
gwWD‡ji welqe¯‘
wkLbdj-1: IqvwKs †÷kb cÖ¯‘Z I ¯’vcb
wkLb Kvh©µg
Bbdi‡gkb wkU 1.1-1: Pvgov KvUvi hš¿cvwZ
I miÄvg
‡mjd †PK 1.1-1
DËicÎ 1.1-1
wkLbdj-2: KvUvi Rb¨ Pvgov hvPvB
wkLb Kvh©µg
Bbdi‡gkb wkU 1.2-1: Pvgov I Pvgovi
ˆewkó
‡mjd †PK 1.2-1
DËicÎ 1.2-1
wkLbdj-3: nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvU‡Z n‡e
wkLb Kvh©µg 1.3-1
Kvh©m¤úv`b gvb`‡Ûi ZvwjKv
mÿgZvmg~‡ni c~biv‡jvPbv
জেনেরিক
অকুপেশন
GB gwWD‡j cÖwkÿY DcKiYI cÖwkÿY Kvhµg
m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q| GB Kvh©µg¸‡jv Avcbv‡K
M¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| KvwUs †j`vi evB n¨vÛ
(nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvUv) GKwU Ab¨Zg †hvM¨Zv| GB
‡hvM¨ZvwU GbwUwfwKD †j‡fj-1 †ckvi †gwkb
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| GB †ckvi `ÿ Kgx©I Rb¨ †h
Ávb, `ÿZv I AvPiY cÖ‡qvRb Zv& GB
†Kv‡m©I g‡a¨ AšÍfz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB gwWD‡j ewY©Z wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨
Avcbv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e wkÿv Kg©KvÛ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GBme Kg©KvÛ †kÖwYK‡ÿ ev AbÎI msMÖn Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| wkLbdj AR©‡b †h Ávb I `ÿZv AvqZ¡
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ GB Kg©Kv‡Ûi
mv‡_ mv‡_ Bbdi‡gkb wkU, wkLb Kvh©µg I †mjd
‡PK av‡c av‡c Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e| wbw`©ó
Kg© cÖwµqvi ms‡M cÖmw½K Ab¨vb¨ wkÿYxq welq I
Kgx©‡`i‡K AvqZ¡ Ki‡Z n‡e|
avivevwnK fv‡e Rvbvi Rb¨ m~wPc‡Î,
wkKbKvh©µg, wkLbdj, Z_¨cÎ, †mjd †PK Ges DËic‡Î c„ôv
b¤^i e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB c„ôv b¤^I
Avcbvi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Abywkj‡bi †ivWg¨vc wn‡m‡e KvR
Ki‡e| wbw`©ó cv‡Vi mv‡_ mwVK mnvqK
Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ ÕwkLb Kvh©µgÕ c„ôvwU †`L‡Z
n‡e|
Z_¨cθ‡jv co–b| G¸‡jv Avcbvi KvR m¤ú‡K©
mwVK aviYv Ges mywbw`ófv‡e KvR eyS‡Z mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡e| Bbdi‡gkb wkU cov †kl K‡I †mjd
†PK-Gi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
wkLb MvB‡Wi Z_¨cÎ Abymib K‡I †mjd †PK
Kiæb| †mjd †PK m¤úbœ Ki‡j Avcwb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb †h, Avcbvi †Kgb DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| †mjd
†PK AskwU †Kgb Ki‡jb Zv Rvbv ev †evSvi Rb¨ DËicÎ †`Lyb|
Kvh©µgc‡Î wb‡`©wkZ mKj Kg©KvÛ m¤úbœ
Kiæb| GLv‡bB Avcwb bZzb `ÿZv AR©b K‡I Avcbvi bZzb Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡eb|
GB gwWDj Abyhvqx KvR Kivi mgq wbivcËv
welqwU m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vK‡eb| †Kv‡bv wKQz Rvbvi _vK‡j cÖkœ Ki‡eb| mnvqZvKvix‡K
cÖkœ Ki‡Z ms‡KvP Ki‡eb bv|
GB wkLb MvB‡W wb‡`©wkZ mKj KvR †kl Kivi
ci AwR©Z †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e †h Avcwb cieZx© Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³ Zv g~j¨q‡bi
Rb¨ GKUv hvPvB cÖwµqvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e|
gwWD‡ji wk‡ivbvg: KvwUs †j`vi evB n¨vÛ
(nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvUv)
gwWD‡ji eY©bv
GB gwWD‡j †gwkb Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½, BZ¨vw` AšÍf’³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB `ÿZv Avcbv‡K nvZ w`‡q Pvgov
KvU‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| ZvQvov Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ Kx Kx hš¿ I miÄvgvw` jvM‡e ZvI wVK
Ki‡Z GB gwWDj Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
b~b¨Zg mgqKvj: 50 N›Uv
wkLbdj
GB gwWDjwU m¤úbœ Kivi ci wkÿv_x©iv-
1| IGBPGm Abykxjb I ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
2| IqvK© †÷kb cÖ¯‘Z I ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
3| KvUvi Rb¨ Pvgov wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4| nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvU‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| Pvgovi UzKiv †PK-AvDU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6| Kv‡Ri RvqMv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
A¨v‡mm‡g›U µvB‡Uwiqv
wbgwjwLZ gvb`‡Ûi wfwˇZ GKRb
cÖwkÿYv_x©I `ÿZv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e-
1| cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I †gwkb e¨env‡ii
Av‡M, e¨envi Kv‡j Ges e¨env‡ii c‡i mKj wewa-weavb Ges wbivcËvg~jK welqvw`
h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| wec`¾bK Ges ÎæwUc~Y© hš¿vcvwZ wPwýZ
K‡I mywbw`©ó c×wZ Abyhvqx e¨env‡ii Av‡M, mgq Ges e¨env‡ii c‡I †givgZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3| e¨vw³MZ wbivcËvRwbZ †cvkvK (wcwcB)
e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4| KviLvbvq e¨eüZ c×wZ Abymv‡I IqvK©
†÷kb ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| KvUvi DcKiY Ges c¨vUvb©, wba©vwiZ
KvR, Zvi AvKvi Ges KviLvbvi gvwj‡Ki wb‡`©kg‡Zv wba©viY I cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6| KvUvi cÖ¯‘ZKv‡j mKj DcKiY msMÖn,
msiÿY I evQvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
7| KvUvi †evW© wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Ges
iÿYv‡eÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
8| hveZxq †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
9| Pvgov KvUvi mgq Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv `vM,
ÎæwU BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q wKbv Zv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ †PK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10| AcPq Kg K‡I wkí KviLvbv Pvwn`v
†gvZv‡eK Pvgovi wewfbœ Ask Ges UzK‡iv¸‡jv c¨vUvb© Abyhvqx evQvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
11| c¨vUvb©, Qzwi Ges KvUvi †ev‡W©I
ÎæwU wPwýZ K‡i †givg‡Zi Rb¨ cvVv‡Z cvi‡eb|
12| me©wb¤œ AcPq K‡i KvUvi Qzwi Ges
c¨vUvb© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q wKbv|
13| c¨vUvb©mg~n ¯’vcbKv‡j wPwýZ ÎæwU
Gwo‡q Pj‡Z cvi‡eb|
14| c¨vUvb© Gi AvK…wZ, MVb Ges Pvgovi
gvb-Gi mv‡_ Pvgov KvUvi †KŠkj Lvc Lvq wKbv Zv mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
15| mvBR Abyhvqx Pvgovi UzKiv KvU‡Z Ges
†MÖBb c¨vUvb©, Kvjvi †kW Gi mv‡_ mwbœwnZ Pvgov Lvc Lvq wKbv Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
16| wkíKviLvbv KZ…K© wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri
bgybvi gvbm¤úbœ ¸bv¸b wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ KZ©bK…Z `ªe¨ †PK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
17| evwZj Kiv UzKivmg~n h_vh_fv‡e
¯’vbvšÍwiZ Ges Gi †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
18| Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi gvb Abyhvqx Kg©‡ÿÎ Ges
hš¿cvwZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
19| †Kv¤úvwbi AvBb Abyhvqx eR©¨ AcmviY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
সম্পন্ন হয়েছে
wkLbdj-1: IqvK© †÷kb cÖ¯‘Z I ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘y
1| wkíKviLvbvi wbqg Abyhvqx IqvK© †÷kb
¯’vcb
2| gvwj‡Ki Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK mywbw`©ó
Lv‡Ri mvBR I c¨vUb© wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘Z|
3| Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ msMÖn, evQvB Ges
†j-AvDU cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv|
4| wbqwgZ Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e KvwUs †evW©
cwi®‹vi I msiÿY Kiv|
5| †iKW© msiÿY Kiv|
A¨v‡mm‡g›U µvB‡Uwiqv
1| wkíKviLvbvi wbqg Abyhvqx IqvK© †ókb
¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| gvwj‡Ki mywbw`©ó Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK,
Pvgov KvUvi hš¿cvwZ I c¨vUvb© wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3| Pvgov KvUvi c͇֯Zi Rb¨ DcKiY msMÖn,
evQvB Ges †j-AvDU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4| KvwUs †evW© cwi®‹vi I msiÿY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
5| †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
kZ©vewj
cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i‡K wb¤œ ewY©Z miÄvgvw`
Aek¨B mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e-
j¨vcUc
GjwmwW
wkLb DcKiY
Pvgov KvUvi DcKiY I miÄvg
c¨vUvb© KvwUs
wkLb Kvh©µg
wkLbdj: IqvK© †÷kb cÖ¯‘Z I ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
wkLb Kvh©µg
IqvK© †÷kb cÖ¯‘Z I ¯’vcb|
we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
Bbdi‡gkb wkU 1.1-1 co–b|
‡mjd †PK 1.1-1 Gi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges
DËic‡Îi mv‡_ wgwj‡q wbb|
Pvgov KvUvi hš¿cvwZ I miÄvg
Pvgov GKwU KwVb I †UKmB e¯‘| ZvB GwU
KvUvI Lye KwVb| wewfbœ miÄvg I DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœfv‡e Pvgov KvUv nq| Pvgov
KvUvi wewfbœ DcKiY wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
KvUvi (Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq)
KuvwP (Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq)
KvwUs †evW©| Gi Dci Pvgov KvUv nq|
Avc‡nvj‡÷wi Qzwi
‡d«Ý Kve©-Kve© jvBb wPwýZ Ki‡Z GwU
e¨eüZ nq|
Pvgov KvUvi eo KuvwP|
MRKvwV
iæjvi
Pvgovi Qzwi
‡Mvj n¨v‡Ûj Pvgovi Qzwi
KvwUs c¨vUvb©
‡Uªwms †cwÝj-KvwUs jvBb wPwýZ Ki‡Z GwU
e¨eüZ nq|
c¨vUvb© KvwUs-Gi Ab¨vb¨ D`vniY
KvwUs c¨vUvb©: GB c¨vUvb©wU e¨envi K‡i
nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvUv nq|
1| Pvgov KvU‡Z Kx Kx DcKiY e¨eüZ nq?
2| †d«Ý Kv‡e©i D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
3| Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ wewfbœ miÄvg I DcKiY
†Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
1| Pvgov KvUvi DcKiYmg~n-
K. KvUvi
L. KuvwP
M. KvwUs †evW©
N. †d«Ý Kve©
O. MRKvwV A_ev iæjvi
P. Avc‡nvj‡÷wi Qzwi
Q. KvwUs c¨vUvb© jvBb
R. †Uªwms †cwÝj
2| Kve© jvBb wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ †d«Ý Kve©
e¨eüZ nq|
3| Pvgov GKwU KwVb I †UKmB e¯‘| GwU
KvUv Lye KwVb| ZvB Pvgov KvU‡Z wewfbœ iK‡gi hš¿cvwZ I DcKi‡Yi `iKvi nq|
welqe¯‘
1| Pvgov Lye mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cixÿv Kiv
hv‡Z KvUvi mgq Gi `vM, ÎæwU, BZ¨vw` bv _v‡K|
2| wkíKviLvbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b, Pvgovi wewfbœ
Ask evQvB K‡i Avjv`v Kiv hv‡Z c¨vUvb© Kivi mgq AcPq Kg nq|
A¨v‡mm‡g›U µvB‡Uwiqv
1| Pvgov KvUvi mgq we‡ePbv Kiv nq †hb †Kv‡bv
`vM ev ÎæwU bv _v‡K Pv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cixÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| AcPq Kg K‡i KviLvbvi Pvwn`vi wfwˇZ
Pvgovi wewfbœ Ask evQvB K‡i c¨vUvb© Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
kZ©vewj
j¨vcUc
GjwmwW
wkLb DcKiY
Pvgov KvUvi DcKiY I miÄvgvw`
c¨vUvb© KvwUs|
wkLb Kvh©µg
wkLbdj: KvUvi Rb¨ Pvgov hvPvB Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
wkLbKvh©µg
wkíKviLvbvi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK Pvgov cixÿv
I evQvB Kiv|
we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
Bbdi‡gkb wkU 1.2-1 co–b|
‡mjd †PK 1.2-1 Gi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges
DËic‡Îi mv‡_ wgwj‡q wbb|
Pvgov I Pvgovi ˆewkó¨
D‡Ïk¨
GB Bbdi‡gkb wkUwU covi ci Pvgov Ges Gi
ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Pvgov Kx?
Pvgov m¤ú‡K© e„wUk ó¨vÛvW© msÁv n‡jv
ÓPvgov ev Z¡K ZšÍgq| GwU AvK…wZ‡Z Kg-‡ewk AÿZ _v‡K| G‡K B¯úy‡Uªwmej Kivi Rb¨
cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Z nq| Pvgov †_‡K Pzj ev ckg Qov‡bv n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e
wefbœ ¯Í‡I ev As‡k wef³ Pvgov Z¡K †_‡K cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq| GwU Av‡M-c‡i LwÛZ nq
(we Gm: 2780)|Ó
ÒPvgovi mvi‡dm Gi Dci †h cwigvY Av”Qv`b
jvMv‡bv nq Zv G‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i-G‡K cÖK…Z Pvgov wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv †nvK ev bv
†nvK|Ó
ÒPvgovi Dcwifv‡M Av”Qv`b _vK‡j mvi‡dm
¯Í‡ii NbZ¡ Kg-‡ewk 0.15 GgGg nq| GwU mvgwMÖK Nb‡Z¡I kZKiv 30 Gi †ewk nq bv|
weGm: 2780|ÕÕ
evRv‡i wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii PvgovRvZ `ªe¨
wewµ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Gi †ewkifv&MB Pvgov bq| GwU Avm‡j Pvgovi Bwg‡Ukb| wb‡P
G‡`i wKQz eY©bv †`qv n‡jv-
e‡ÛW †j`vi dvBevi
Ò Pvgov ev Z¡K ZšÍgq AvK…wZ‡Z Kg-‡ewk
gReyZ _v‡K| cÖwµqvRvZ Pvgvov hw` hvwš¿Kfv‡e LwÛZ nq A_ev ivmqwbKfv‡e Zš‘gq
cvwU©‡Kj ev gj wc‡P ev cvDWv‡i iæcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K evBwÛs G‡R›U w`‡q ev
bv w`‡q wm‡U cwiYZ Kiv nq| Gme wmU Avm‡j Pvgov bq|Ó weGm: 2780
GBiæc e‡ÛW †j`vi iO-Gi Pvgovi KvVv‡gv‡K
wewfbœ cÖKv‡I ms‡hvwRZ Kiv m¤¢e|
myweavmg~n
m¯Ív
GKB KvwUs GjvKv
Amyweavmg~n
Pvgov bq
`~e©j I bgbxq
‡UKmB bq
Kg kw³i
‡`‡L Kg `vwg g‡b nq
†Kv‡UW †j`vi ev Av”Qvw`Z Pvgov
ÒGwU GKwU `ªe¨ hvi cyiæZ¡ kZKiv 30
fv‡Mi †ewk bq| wKšÍ 0.15 GgGg Gi AwaK|Ó
Pvgovi †MÖBb mvB‡Wi w`‡K A‡cÿvK…Z AÜKvi GjvKvq
cÖK…Z Av”Qv`vb _v‡K| GwU ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©I wgkÖ‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ MwVZ nq| †hgb- cwjBDwiw_‡bi
wgkb| Z‡e Gi wdwbks Gi cyiæZ¡ 0.15 GgGg Gi †ewk| ZvB G‡K mwVK Pvgov ejv hvq bv|
myweavmg~n
mvgÄm¨c~Y© mvi‡dm (c„ô‡`k)
Amyweav
‡`L‡Z ¯^vfvweK bq
wQ`ªhy³ bq
wdwRK¨vj Kvh©KvwiZv Kg, bgbxq I `ye©j|
†jwg‡b‡UW Pvgov
‡jwg‡b‡UW Pvgovi ˆewkó n‡jv-GwU `y Bev
Z‡ZvwaK ¯Íi wewkô †hŠwMK, †hLv‡b †jwg‡bU Kiv w`KUv gvsmj w`‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv
nq nq| GBiæc Pvgov Ges e‡ÛW Pvgovi cv_©K¨ n‡jv, †jwg‡b‡UW
Pvgovi cyiæZ¡ Pvgovi mvwe©K cyi‡Z¡I
†P‡q kZKiv 30 fvM †ewk|
myweav
c„ô‡`k gm„Y
wKQzUv bgbxq Ges gReyZ
iwOb I PKP‡K
Amyweav
‡`L‡Z ¯^vfvweK bq
wQ`ªhy³ bq
wdwRK¨vj Kvh©KvwiZv (cvidig¨vÝ) †Zgb
fv‡jv bq (fOzi)
GjvKv
GKwU c~Y©v½ Pvgov †`‡L cÖ_‡gB Avcwb
AevK n‡q hv‡eb| GwU Avcbvi aviYvi †P‡q A‡bK eo Zv bq, GwU Zvi †P‡qI A‡bK eo|
‰ewk‡ó¨I w`K †_‡K cïi kix‡ii wewfbœ
As‡ki Pvgov Avjv`v| †h‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq G¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| cïi Pvgovi
cyiæZ¡ wewfbœ As‡k Kg †ewk nq| we‡kl KvwUs h‡š¿I mvnvh¨ GB cyiæZ¡ mwVK ch©v‡q
Avb‡Z nq| Pvgovi cÖavb Ask¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
Kuva
Kuva cyiæ Ges k³ nq| wKšÍ Pvgovi GB
AskwU bovPovi Kvi‡Y fuvRhy³ nq|
evU : GB As‡ki Z𑏇jv k³iæ‡c c¨vK Kiv
_v‡K| ZvB G¸‡jv Pvgovi me‡P‡q k³ Ask|
‡cU : GB Pvgov Zzjbvg~jK cvZjv| wc‡Vi
Pvgovi †P‡q GB As‡ki Pvgov wX‡jXvjv nq| †ewk Pvc jvM‡j m¤úªmvwiZ nq|
eMj (A¨vw·jv): gvby‡li evûi b¨vq Ask|
GB Ask Lye bovPov K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y Gi Avu‡ki KvVv‡gv LyeB wX‡jXvjv| †c‡Ui As‡ki
†P‡q GwU †ewk ms‡e`bkxj nq|
cÖK…Z Pvgovi cÖKvi‡f`
wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii cÖK…Z Pvgov i‡q‡Q| wb‡P
Gi ZvwjKv †`qv n‡jv-
ms‡kvwaZ †MÖBb(
G¸‡jv †gŠwjK Pvgov hv me©Î cvIqv hvq|
GB ms‡kwaZ †MÖB‡b Av”Qvw`Z wdwbk Av‡Q| Gi mvnv‡h¨ GwU GKB Abyfe I cÖwZiÿv Av”Qv`b
ˆZwi K‡i| GwUi i‡q‡Q gm„Y wdwbk, wKšÍ GwU D”P †MÖ‡Wi b¨vq †RŠjykc~Y© bq|
dvwb©Pv‡ii †`vKv‡b Gi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| ms‡kvwaZ †MÖBb Zv‡`i cQ›` hviv fv‡jv
k³ Pvgov cwiavb Ki‡Z Pvq| GwU cwi®‹vi I Kg g~‡j¨I nq|
DrK…ó eY©/Aa© iwOb Pvgov ev †mwg-Gwbwjb
Lye big gm„Y cxZ e‡Y©I Pvgov ZvivB Pvq
hviv PvgovRvZ `ªe¨ n‡Z big I DT AbyfywZ †c‡Z Pvq| G¸‡jv AvaywbK my¨U Ges emvi
big wRwb‡m e¨eüZ nq| DrK…ó e‡Y©I Pvgov my›`ifv‡e msiwÿZ _v‡K Ges ˆ`bw›`b
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ fv‡jv| G¸‡jv Av`k© gv‡bi †Kv‡UW Av”Qvw`Z Pvgovi †P‡q AwaKZi big I
†RŠjmc~Y©|
w`¸b cyiæZ¡
GB K¨UvMwii Pvgov ¯^vfvweK Pvgov
¯^vfvweK Pvgovi †P‡q `yB ¸Y †ewk cyiæ Ges LyeB †UKmB nq| GwU eo evmvq Ges
eM©vKvi bKkvq PgrKvi †`Lvq| w`¸Y cyiæ Pvgovq _v‡K fvix eY© Ges G¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e
msiwÿZI _v‡K| ZvQvov ˆ`bw›`b Ges fvix Kv‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Lye Dc‡hvMx|
AwZwi³ cyiæ Pvgov
G¸‡jv cÖvq w`¸Y cyiæ Pvgovi g‡Zv| Z‡e
G¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK Pvgovi Zzjbvq 1.5 ¸Y †ewk cyiæ nq| G¸‡jv k³ †cvkv‡Ki Rb¨ me‡P‡q
fv‡jv| `vgI †ewk|
¯^vfvweK (cÖvK…wZK) AvVvhy³ Pvgov
AvRKvj evRv‡i G¸‡jvB †ewk cÖPwjZ|
AvaywbK I mgmvgwqK mgq G¸‡jv †`L‡Z A™¢yZ my›`i| Gi cÖvK…wZK ˆewkô¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨|
AuvPo jvM‡jI G¸‡jv cybivq iO Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³| G¸‡jv †gvQv hvq Ges G‡Z we‡kl wµg
e¨envi Kiv hvq| hviv ¯^vfvweK I big Pvgov Pvq Zv‡`i Rb¨ G RvZxq Pvgov LyeB
Dchy³|
c~Y©gvÎvq iwOY Pvgov
GwU me‡P‡q †ewk big Ges †RŠjmc~Y© Pvgov
hv eZ©gv‡b me©Î cvIqv hvq| †Kv‡bv Av”Qv`b QvovB G‡Z kZfvM iO _v‡K| GwU †`L‡ZI
my›`I jv‡M| `„wó b›`b Ges Avivg wcÖq‡`i Rb¨ GB Pvgov DËg| G‡Z nvjKv myiÿv
Av”Qv`b _v‡K| G‡Z c~Y©v½ iO Kiv _v‡K Ges †gvghy³ Pvgovi b¨vq AuvPo jv‡M bv| GB
Pvgovi g~j¨ †ewk| m¤¢e n‡j GwU‡K RyZvi Dc‡ii Pvgov wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
memgq Pvgov‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q eM©vK…wZ
ivLvi †Pôv Ki‡Z nq Ges Gi wb‡Pi Ask cÖ_‡g LvU‡Z nq|
Kv‡Ri mgq wbweofv‡e cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e
Pvgovq †Kv‡bv wP`ª ev †Kv‡bv ÎæwU Av‡Q wKbv| _vK‡j †mBme ¯’v‡b PK w`‡q wPwýZ
Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †m¸‡jv mn‡hB eySv hvq| µvdU Pvgov KvUvi mgq Lye mZK©Zvi mv‡_
cÖwZeviB fv‡jvfv‡e cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pvgov wbe©vPb
KuvPvgvj: D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ wgj †i‡L Pvgov
wbe©vPb Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †hgb-gwnjv‡`i nvjKv cwi”Qv` ˆZwii Rb¨ Miæi Pvgov
Dchy³ bq| gReyZ nvév Pvgov `iKvi n‡j eo Ges c~Y© eq‡mi †fovi Pvgov h_vh_ n‡e
bv| KviY Zv 0.7 wgwg gvÎvq KvU‡j `ye©j n‡Z cv‡i| †gŠmy‡gi ZviZ‡g¨ Pvgovi ¸Y I
AvKv‡ii ZviZg¨ n‡e Ges Zv Li‡Pi Ici cÖfve †dj‡e| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv aivevav wbqg †bB|
Z‡e Avcbv‡K KuvPvgv‡ji cÖKvi, cÖK…wZ BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Ges Zv‡`i mnRvZ ˆewkô¨
m¤ú‡K© mKj aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv Rvbv _vK‡j Avcwb fv‡jvfv‡e KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
Pvgovi aiY
Pvgovi wewfbœ ai‡bi ev wewfbœ bgybv _vK‡e|
wKšÍ g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ Pvgovi bgybv evQvB h_vh_ n‡q‡Q wKbv| iwÄZ Ges
Aa©-iwÄZ Pvgov `vM m¤^wjZ Ges wbDevK Pvgovi †P‡q Aw`KZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e|
wcM‡g‡›UW Pvgov cÖK…Z Pvgovi g‡ZvB Z‡e cÖK…wZK fve/`„wó‡MvPiZv Kg _v‡K| iwOb
Ges ˆZjv³ wbDevK G mn‡RB gqjv a‡i hvq Ges Zv cwi®‹vi Kiv KóKi nq| wcw”Qj,
†gvghy³ Ges wbDevK Pvgovi iO gyQ‡Z mgm¨v
nq|
Pvgovi ¸Y
ÒBU †MU †nvqvU BD †c diÓ GB cyiv‡bv
Dw³wU G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvh¨| UvKv KZUv Kg †`qv hvq †mUv we‡ePbvq bv G‡b eis fv‡jv
¸Ym¤úbœ Pvgovi Rb¨ †ewk LiP Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv cwi‡”Q‡`i `vg Kgv‡bv nq Zvn‡j
Pvgov n‡e mÂq Kivi DËg ¯’vb|
bgybvKiY
G†ÿ‡Î cÖ_wgK ¯Í‡iB Pvgovi ¸Y m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ
n‡Z nq| Gici wbw`©ó Ki‡Z nq wdwbkW †cvkv‡K †KvbwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e ev †KvbwU n‡e
bv| Avcwb hw` m‡e©v”P ¸Y m¤úbœ Auvk (bvàv) †c‡Z Pvb Z‡e Gi g~‡j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z
n‡e| civgk© n‡jv fv‡jv AvK…wZi Pvgovi bgybv Ges Av½y‡ji Qvc †idv‡iÝ wn‡m‡e
msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
¸b
Pvgov µq A_ev wbw`©óKi‡Yi mgq m‡PZb
_vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Pvgov †MÖwWs Kiv ev mew¤^Zfv‡e wbe©vPb Kiv nq| †MÖwWs Kiv n‡j
Pvgovi ÷¨vÛvW© wbY©q Kiv n‡e| ZLb †MÖW Abyhvqx Mv‡g©›Um c¨v‡b‡ji †ÿ‡Î e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
wfbœZv
Pvgov GKwU cÖvK…wZK e¯Í| ZvB wbe©vP‡bi
†ÿ‡Î Gi cÖKvi‡f` Aek¨B MÖnY‡hvM¨ I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvB Pvgovi wfbœZv Aek¨B we‡ePbvq
wb‡Z n‡e| Drcv`‡bi mgq Kvh©Kwi cÖwµqv wbqš¿‡bi gva¨‡g GB wfbœZv me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q
Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †gŠmygx cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvgovi ¸Y I AvKv‡I cwieZ©‡bi
welqwU we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| bgybv ¯úó K‡i wfbœZv wVK K‡i cÖwZwU †Wwjfvix †÷vi
†_‡K MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e|
Pvgovi cÖK…wZK `vM m¤úwK©Z aviYv
Av‡gwiKvb †nvg A¨vcjv‡qÝ
‡j`vi GWz‡Kkb eyK‡jU
†MÖBwb-cÖwZwU cïi Pvgov †`L‡Z gvby‡li AvOz‡ji
Qv‡ci g‡Zv| GwU dzj †MÖBb Pvgovi Qvc| Pvgov we‡kl GwU Avjv`v nq| GB Qv‡ci
cv_©K¨ GKwU Pvgovi g‡a¨I _vK‡Z cv‡i|
e¨ªwÛs wPý- eªvÛ wPý e¨envi Kiv nq
Pvgov wPwýZKi‡Yi Rb¨| GwU g~jZ cÖwZwU Pvgovi Ask|
cÖmvwiZKiY wPý- cïi ev”Pv cÖmeKv‡j
Pvgov cÖmvwiZ nq| GwU Pvgovq ¯’vqx wn‡m‡e †_‡K hvq|
†m‡i hvIqv `vM- (wnjW gvK©)- AiwÿZ
Rxe‡bi Kvi‡Y Pvgovq AuvP‡oi b¨vq `vM c‡i _v‡K| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ Pvgov †h D”P eY©gq GwU
ZviB cÖgvY| †h mKj Pvgovq `vM Kg _v‡K †m¸‡jv AwaK g~j¨evb| Z‡e GBme `vM Pvgovi
¯’vwq‡Z¡ †Kv‡bv cÖfve †d‡j bv| GBiæc `v‡Mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †cvKvgvKo Ges †Lvjv Zv‡ii
AvNvZRwbZ `vM|
‡cvKv gvKi/Kx‡Ui Kvg‡oi `vM- GBme `vM
AwZwi³ †cvKv gvKi ev Kx‡Ui Kvg‡oi Kvi‡Y m„wó nq| GBme `vM ïKvq wKš‘ `„k¨gvb `vM
wn‡m‡e Pvgovq †cvKv †_‡K hvq|
Pwe© ewj‡iLv-ewj‡iLv mvaiYZ wX‡jXvjv
Z¡‡K nq| G¸‡jv Nv‡ii Pvwiw`‡K Ges Miæi †c‡Ui wb‡P n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Nvm LvIqv I
mvwe©K e„w×I Rb¨ GBme ¯’v‡bi Z¡K Aek¨B wX‡jXvjv _vK‡e|
wki`uvov- cïi kixie„Ëxq (wdwRIjwRK¨vj)
Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZMZfv‡eB Nvo eiei mKj Pvgovq GBiæc bvjv n‡q _v‡K|
Pvgovi †kÖYxwefvM
G-UvBc-iÄK c`v_©
GwU AveiYhy³ Pvgov| G‡Z i‡Oi Rb¨ iÄK
c`v_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| hv c‡I ïK‡bv, big I bgbxq n‡q‡Q|
‡Kv‡bv cÖwZiÿvg~jK wdwbwks †bB|
Pvgov †f‡` Ges GKB cïi Pvgovi g‡a¨
AveiY wfbœ wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
D”Pgv‡bi cÖwZiÿvg~jK msiÿY cÖ‡qvRb|
Pvgovi DcwifvM AuvP‡oi †ÿ‡Î ms‡e`bkxj|
we‡kvlK
‡gvg, †Zj BZ¨vw`I †ÿ‡Î we‡kl cÖfve co‡Z
cv‡i|
Wc-UvBc-msiwÿZ (†cÖv‡UK‡UW)
GwU Kve©b AveiYhy³ Pvgov| GwU iO Kivi
Rb¨ iÄK WvBm e¨envi Kiv nq| d‡j Pvgovi ¯^vfvweK is wVK _v‡K| D”Pgv‡bi
cÖwZiÿvg~jK †KvU wdwbk K‡i ïKbv, big I bgbxq Kiv nq|
cwic~Y© A_ev AvswkK ms‡kvwaZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Kg gvÎvi cÖwZiÿvi e¨e¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb|
Pvgovi Dc‡ii c„‡ô ev mvi‡d‡m AuvPo cov
KwVb|
me‡P‡q Kg we‡kvlK
G‡Z we‡kl cÖfve _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKšÍ Zv
mxwgZ bq| †hgb-n¨vÛ Gw›UwKD, m¨vfR BZ¨vw`|
Gb-UvBc-wbDevK
GwU AveiYhy³ Pvgov| G‡Z i‡Oi Rb¨ iÄK
WvBm e¨envi Kiv nq Ges c‡i ïK‡bv, big I bgbxq nq|
Dc‡ii mvi‡d‡m `„k¨gvb b¨vc _v‡K|
Pvgov †f‡` Ges GKB Pvgovi g‡a¨ wfbœ
wfbœ AveiY n‡Z cv‡i|
D”Pgv‡bi iÿYv‡eÿY e¨e¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb|
Pvgovi Dc‡ii c„ô ev mvi‡d‡m AuvP‡oi
†ÿ‡Î ms‡e`bkxj|
AvVv, †Zj BZ¨vw`I †ÿ‡Î we‡kl cÖfve co‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e Zv mxwgZ bq|
Pvgovi wKQz †`vl-ÎæwU
1| i‡Oi AwZ D¾jZv|
2| Pvgov Qvov‡bvi KvUv|
3| wkivi `vM|
4| Lvivc AveR©bvhy³ GjvKv QvUvB|
5| Lvivc iO|
6| Pvgov †Zvjvi `vM ev MZ©|
7| Kx‡Ui Kvg‡oi `vM|
8| e„w×RwbZ `vM|
i‡Oi D¾jZv- gv‡S gv‡S mv`v Kvco w`‡q
i‡Oi D¾jZv cixÿvi mgq mgm¨v nq| wfRv mv`v Kvc‡oi UzKiv w`‡q †gvUvgywU wgkevi
Pvgovi Dc‡ii c„‡ô ev mvi‡d‡m Nlvi ci iO †ei bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Pvgov Qvov‡bvi KvUv- mvaviYZ Pvgov n‡jv
RevBK…Z cïi DcRvZ `ªe¨| Avi cÖavb `ªe¨ n‡jv gvsm| cïi †`n †_‡K Pvgov Qov‡bvi
mgq fzjfv‡e Qzwi Pvjv‡bvi d‡j H Pvgov †K‡U †h‡Z cv‡i ev `vM co‡Z cv‡i| GB KvUv
ev `vM Pvgovi gvsmj w`‡K †`Lv hvq|
wkivi `vM- Pvgov cvKv Kivi ci gm„Y
Pvgovi c„ô‡`‡ki wdwb‡k wkiv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU cÖavbZ QvM‡ji Pvgovi Ges gv‡S
gv‡S QvMj Qvbvi †ÿ‡Î cvIqv hvq| GiKg Mfxi wkivi `vM gvsmj w`‡K †ewk †`Lv hvq|
Kx‡Ui Kvg‡oi `vM- KxUi³ Pz‡l †bqvi Rb¨
Zvi gv_v cïi kix‡ii Pvgovi wfZi MZ© K‡I XzwK‡q †`q| GKB mv‡_ †m cïi kix‡I wel
cÖ‡ek Kivq| Gici gv_v †ei K‡i Av‡b|
1| Pvgov Kx?
2| Kx Kx cÖKv‡ii PvgovRvZ `ªe¨ wewµ
n‡”Q Ges Hme `ªe¨‡K Pvgov wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡”Q cÖK…Zc‡ÿ H¸‡jv K…wÎg Pvgov|
3| cïi kix‡I MuyZv †`qv Ask n‡Z cÖvß
Pvgovi ˆewkó¨ Kx Kx?
4| cÖK…Z Pvgov KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
5| Pvgovi 8wU †`vl-ÎæwU wjwce× Kiæb|
1| Pvgovi msÁv e„wUk ÷¨vÛvW©
Pvgov m¤ú‡K© e„wUk ó¨vÛvW© msÁv ÒPvgov
ev Z¡K Zš‘gq| GwU AvK…wZ‡Z Kg ev †ewk AÿZ _v‡K| G‡K B¯úy‡Uªwmej Kivi Rb¨
cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Z nq| Pvgov †_‡K Pzj ev ckg Qvov‡bv n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Z‡e wewfbœ ¯Í‡i ev As‡k wef³ Pvgov ev Z¡K †_‡K cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq| GwU Av‡M-c‡i
LwÛZ nq|
2| LuvwU bq Ggb wZb ai‡bi Pvgov
wb¤œiæc-
(K) e‡ÛW Pvgovi Auvk ev ZšÍ
(L) Av”Qvw`Z Pvgov
(M) †jwg‡b‡UW Pvgov
3| cïi kix‡ii MuyZv †`qv Ask n‡Z cÖvß
Pvgov hv k³fv‡e c¨vK Kiv _v‡K Ges †m Kvi‡Y Zv nq Pvgovi me‡P‡q †UKmB Ask|
4| wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖK…Z Pvgov wb‡P D‡jøL
Kiv n‡jv-
K) ms‡kvwaZ eY©
L) DrK…ó eY©/Aa© iÄK
M) w`¸Y cyiæZ¡
N) AwZwi³ cyiæ Pvgov
O) cÖvK…wZK †gvghy³ Pvgov
P) c~Y© iÄK Pvgov|
5| Pvgovi wKQz †`vl-ÎæwU-
K) i‡Oi AwZ D¾jZv
L) Pvgov Qvov‡bvi KvUv
M) wkivi `vM
N) Lvivc AveR©bvhy³ GjvKv QvUvB
O) Lvivc iO
P) Pvgov †Zvjvi `vM ev MZ©
Q) Kx‡Ui Kvg‡oi `vM
R) e„w×RwbZ `vM|
wkLbdj-3: nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvU‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
1| c¨vUvb©, Qzwi Ges KvwUs †ev‡W©i ÎæwU
ev mgm¨v wPwýZKiY I †givgZ|
2| KvUvi Qzwi Ges c¨vUvb© e¨env‡ii
gva¨‡g AcPq Kgv‡bv|
3| c¨vUvb© ms¯’vwcZ Kivi mgq ÎæwUi
w`K¸‡jv wPwýZKiY I `~ixKiY|
4| c¨vUv‡b©i mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z KvwUs
†KŠk‡ji e¨envi|
5| c¨vUvb© I i‡Oi mv‡_ KvUv UzKiv¸‡jv
h_vh_fv‡e Lvc LvIqv‡bv|
A¨v‡mm‡g›U µvB‡Uwiqv
1| c¨vUvb©, Qzwi Ges KvwUs †ev‡W©i
mgm¨v wPwýZKiY Ges †givg‡Zi Rb¨ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| AcPq Kgv‡Z KvwUs †evW©, Qzwi I
c¨vUvb© e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3| D”Pgvb m¤úbœ Pvgovi KvUv `vM, Ab¨vb¨
`vM I ÎæwUi †ÿθ‡jv wPwýZKiY Ges c¨vUvb© ms¯’vwcZ Kivi mgq ÎæwUmg~n ev` w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
4| c¨vUv‡b©i mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨
KvwUs †KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| AvKv‡ii mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L UzK‡iv¸‡jvi
c¨vUvb©, i‡Oi Avei‡Yi Av‡jv‡K Lvc LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb|
kZ©vewj
j¨vcUc
GjwmwW
wkLb DcKiY
Pvgov KvUvi DcKiY I hš¿cvwZ
KvwUs c¨vUb©
wkLb Kvh©µg
wkLbdj: nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvU‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkLb Kvh©µg
wkíKviLvbvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Ges AcPq Kg
K‡i Pvgov KvUv|
we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
Bbdi‡gkb wb‡`©kbv
Bbdi‡gkb wkU 1.3-1 co–b|
Kvh©m¤úv`b gvb`‡Ûi ZvwjKv 1.3-1 Gi
gva¨‡g hvPvB Kiæb|
‡hfv‡e Pvgov KvU‡Z n‡e
Pvgov KvUvi DËg cš’v
Pvgov GKwU k³ Ges †UKmB e¯‘| ZvB Pvgov
KvUv LyeB KwVb KvR| Pvgov KvUvi wewfbœ Dcvq Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcvq¸‡jv n‡jv-
‡mvRvmywR cÖvšÍ eivei
Dc‡hvMx Qzwi, we‡kl ai‡bi †jvg Qvov‡bv)
KuvwP
‡ivUvwi Qzwi, g¨v‡jU KvwUs WvB, wK¬bvi
WvB Ges †jRvi KvwUs c×wZ|
c¨vUvb© n‡jv AweKj Pvgov KvUvi cÖ_g
avc| cÖ_vMZ c¨vUvb© ˆZwi Ki‡Z †cwÝj w`‡q KvM‡Ri Dci GKwU bKkv AvuK‡Z nq|
c¨vUvb© ˆZwii Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi WªBs †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi Kiv qvq| GRb¨ Pvgovi Dci KvM‡Ri
c¨vUvb© ¯’vcb Kiæb| †mvRvmywR cÖvšÍ Dc‡hvMx Qzwi ev †ivUvwi KvUv‡ii mvnvh¨ KvUv
ïiæ Kiæb| †ivUvwi KvUvi mwVKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡j cÖv‡šÍ †cŠQv‡bv hvq|
wbivcËvRwbZ mZK©Zv- GB h‡š¿I †eøW Lye
aviv‡jv| ZvB GwU mveavbZvi mv‡_ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| mKj aviv‡jv hš¿cvwZ wkï‡`i
†_‡K `~‡I ivL‡Z n‡e| †ivUvwi KvUvi e¨env‡ii mgq Pvgovi wb‡P ¯^wbivgq gv`yi
e¨envi Kiæb| GB gv`yi Avcbvi †Uwej A_ev c„ô ÿwZMÖ¯’ bv nq Zv wbwðZ K‡i|
Pvgovi †jvg Qvov‡bvi we‡kl hš¿ GKUv wkí
KuvwP| Gi i‡q‡Q Kiv‡Zi b¨vq KvUvKvUv †eøW| GwU w`‡q big Ges fvix Pvgov KvUv
hvq| GKUv fv‡jv gv‡bi Pvgov KvUvi KuvwPi mvnv‡h¨ Lye mnR fv‡e Pvgov KvUv hvq|
Ÿzi, myB‡fj Qzwi, †mŠwLb Qzwi BZ¨vw`
mvaviYfv‡e KvUvi hš¿cvwZi mv‡_ mswkøó| G¸‡jv †j`vi µvdU G e¨eüZ nq| cÖ_vMZfv‡e nvZ
w`‡q KvUvi hš¿cvwZ †mŠwLb‡`i mvRm¾vi Rb¨ †j`vi Uzwjs G e¨eüZ nq| †mLv‡b Qzwii
gZ †eøW _v‡K| GKUv †nvìvi _v‡K hv e¨enviKvixi g¨byqvjx e¨envi K‡i|
÷¨v¤ú KvUvi GKwU cwieZ©bkxj Kv‡Vi KvwUs
hš¿| Gi mvnv‡h¨ mgvšÍivj miæ Pvgovi dvwj KvUv nq| G¸‡jv k³ ÷ª¨v¤ú †j`vi ev big
Mvi‡g›U Pvgov KvU‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU 16 AvD‡Ýi 4 Bw Pvgov‡K KvU‡Z cv‡i|
wK¬bvi †cÖm GK cÖKvi †gwkb| hv big
c`v‡_©I †ivj †_‡K wewfbœ AvKv‡I Kv‡U| †hgb- ivevi KvW©‡evW© A_ev Pvgov, aviv‡jv
avZzi UzKiv- hv‡K WvB ejv nq| avZe hš¿cvwZ Ges WvB‡mi †`vKv‡b cvVvb©, †gvov‡bv,
`„pfv‡e mshy³ hv Av‡MB aviv‡jv avZzi WvBm| KvwUs WvBm GKwU w÷‡ji KvwUs hš¿ hv
wK¬bvi ‡cÖ‡mi mv‡_ e¨envi Kiv nq| †ccvi, †j`vi, ivevi, cøvwóK BZ¨vw` KvUvi Rb¨
KvwUs WvBm Dc‡hvwM| GQvovI, KvwUs WvBm, Iqvmvi WvBm, wUªwgs WvBm, nvB WvBm,
†_ªW cvÂvWvBm †ivUvwi c¨v‡bj KvUvi, Kb©vi †eøW, ÷ª¨v¤ú WvBm, cÖf…wZ e¨envi Kiv
nq|
‡jRv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Pvgov KvUvi cwigvY
†e‡o‡Q| †jRv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Pvgov KvUv GKUv D”P `ÿZvi KvR| †jRvi †gwkb PvjK‡K Pvgov
KvU‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs Ki‡Z nq| Pvgov KvUvi G c×wZ‡Z mgq mvkÖq nq| †jRv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Pvgov
KvUv LyeB mwVK Ges c¨vUvb© Gi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nq|
Pvgov KvUvi Av‡iv wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q,
†m¸‡jv KwVb Ges †UKmB| Gi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ KvUv KóKi| †QvU Drcv`bKvixi Rb¨
wK¬bvi A_ev †jRvi KvwUs WvB Dchy³ Ges Zv‡Z Drcv`bI ev‡o| eo Drcv`bKvwi mvaiYZ
wK¬vbvi WvB A_ev †jRvi KvwUs c×wZ e¨envi K‡i| evmv evwo‡Z hviv KvR K‡i Zv‡`I
Rb¨ Pvgov KvUvi fv‡jv c×wZ n‡jv Pvgov KvUvi KvuwP, Qzwi Ges †mvRv cÖvšÍ e¨envi
K‡i|
nvZ w`‡q Kxfv‡e av‡c av‡c Pvgov KvUv nq
Zvi GKwU D`vnviY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
Pvgov KvUv
g¨vWMm †j`vi wUD‡Uvwiqvj
`iKvwi hš¿cvwZ
Kjg
Pvgov
c¨vUvb©
KuvwP (we‡kl ai‡bi Pvgovi †jvg Qov‡bv)
Nvw¯‹ Qzwi/‡j`vi Qzwi
c×wZ/cÖwµqv
evQvB K‡i wKQz Pvgov wbb| Zvici gvwK©s
Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ej c‡q›U Kjg wbb| Aek¨ Av‡M †_‡KB Ab¨vb¨ hv `iKvi Zv †hvMvi ivL‡Z
n‡e|
evQvB Kiv Pvgovi Dci GKwU c¨vUvb© emvb|
Gici Kjg w`‡q gvwK©s Ki‡Z n‡e|
Zvici GKUv KuvwP w`‡q KvU‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b
`y‡Uv welq g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| KuvwPi Dci gvÎvwZwi³ kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv ej
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j GwU †f‡½ hv‡e| (GBiæc NUbv AwaK msL¨K Pvgovi †ÿ‡Î cÖvqkB n‡q _v‡K)
Pvgov cvZjv n‡j ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb bv|
cÖKíwUi GB As‡k GwUB n‡e Avcbvi cÖavb
KvwUs hš¿ ev nvwZqvi| Z‡e wKQz AwZwi³ †eøW nv‡Z ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨
†eø‡Wi `y‡Uv w`KB e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| hLb
†eøW †fuvZv n‡q Avm‡e ZLb Zv avi †`Iqvi Rb¨ GKUv bvBd kvc©bvi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
c¨vUvb© web¨vm
Avcwb †hfv‡e fve‡Qb cÖ_‡gB Avcbv‡K G
KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb G cÖK‡í †ewk cwigvY Pvgov mvkÖ‡qi Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z Pvb| G
Kv‡R mvaiYZ cÖPzi cwigvY AcPq n‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b GKUv Pvgovi ¾ As‡ki GKUv web¨vm
i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ GKwU Pvgov †U‡b †cQ‡bi cvR‡i Av‡iv 2 wUi AwaK wPý Ki‡Z n‡e|
e‡R©¨i †bvU- G cÖ‡R‡±i KvR †k‡l cÖPzi
cwigvY wÎfyRvK…wZi †QvU †QvU UzKiv Ae‡kl †_‡K hvq| UzKiv¸‡jv `xN© n‡j †m¸‡jv
Øviv Ab¨ wKQz ‰Zwi Kiv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ UzKiv¸‡jv‡K gqjvi cv‡Î †djv nq| A_ev mvgvb¨
UvKvi wewbg‡q Ab¨ KvD‡K w`‡q †`qv nq|
UzKiv¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv
‡Uªwms Kiv ïiæ Kiæb| KvwUs A‡cÿv GwU Kg
mgq †bq|
‡`L‡Z my›`i AvK…wZi nq|
cÖwZwU UzKiv‡K †j‡ej w`‡q wPwýZ Kiæb|
Ggbfv‡e wPwýZ Kiæb †hb cieZ©x‡Z wPb‡Z fzj bv nq|
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx d¬vB cwieZ©b Kiæb|
‡÷bwmj †mKk‡bi wcmwK/evKnxW †÷bwmjvK
g‡b Kiæb| wVK Av‡Q G¸‡jv †cQ‡b P‡j †M‡Q, GLb Avgiv wb‡`©kbv AbymiY Kivi Rb¨
cÖ¯‘Z|
cÖ_‡g wcQ‡bi Ò1/2.....Ó co–b hv g~jZ
1/2 Bw e„w× eySvq|
evB‡ii cÖv‡šÍ 1/2 Gi Rb¨ †ewk cwigvY
RvqMv †Q‡o hvB|
GLb c¨vUvb©‡K Wv‡K 1/2 cwieZ©b Kiæb Ges
Wvb cÖv‡šÍ 2q evi wPwýZ Kiæb|
evg cv‡ki Rb¨ GKBfv‡e KvR Kiæb|
Avcwb GLb wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
wPwýZ Pvgovi Ae¯’v
KvwUs ïiæi Av‡M GwU wdwbkW Pvgov| †`Lyb
Kxfv‡e mewKQz my›`i I cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK nq|
KvUv
Avgv‡`i‡K Gme KvW©‡evW© †÷bwmj‡K Pvgovi
e‡g© cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cyiæZ¡ †ewk n‡j KuvwPi cwie‡Z© †j`vi
KvUvi e¨envi Kiæb|
Pvgov KvUvi c~‡e© Pvgovi fv‡jv Zj ev
c„ô †e‡Q wbb|
PvgovUv DuPz K‡i a‡i KvR Kiæb|
Gici KvUvi w`‡q Pvgov KvUzb| Pvgovi
mimwi QzwiNvZ Kiv KwVb| Pvgov KvUvi mgq A¼b Abyhvqx GKUv MwZ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
G‡ÿ‡Î jvBb AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ †bvU ivL‡Z n‡e| AwZwi³ me mgqB fv‡jv, Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e †¯‹P Kiv †÷bwmj A‡cÿv jvBb i¤^v n‡e|
cÖ_g KvUvi ciB Pvgovi cyiæZ¡ †Lqvj
Kiæb|
j¤^vfv‡e †mvRvmywR Pvgov KvUvi †ÿ‡Î
wfbœ KvwUs c×wZ e¨envi Kiæb| wbP †_‡K KvUv ïiæ Kiæb| PvgovUv k³fv‡e a‡i QzwiUv
wb‡Ri w`‡K Uvbyb| nv‡Zi KewR cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv Nywi‡q †eøWwU †mvRvfv‡e Dc‡v, wb‡P Ges
j¤^fv‡e †i‡L KvR Kiæb| nv‡Zi KewR Ges KbyB mw¤§wjZfv‡e euvwK‡q KvUvi jvBb wVK
Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A‡bK jZvi g‡Zv e¨vKAvc cvIqv hvq| hLb evKv Kiv nq ZLb KbyB †Nvivi
mv‡_ mv‡_ KewRI Ny‡i|
Pvgovi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Ask Ab¨ Ask A‡cÿv
†ewk †jvg _v‡K| †`L‡Z AZ¨šÍ wekÖx †jvg‡K 45
‡Kv‡Y QvUvB ev evQvB K‡i †djv nq| `ªæZ
KuvwP w`‡q KvUv Pvgovi cÖvšÍ cwi®‹vi K‡i|
Qzwi Øviv Mfxifv‡e euvKv K‡i KvUv KwVb
n‡jI GwU `ªæZ n‡q _v‡K| hw` Avcwb †mvRv jvBb eivei Kv‡Ub Zvn‡j GwUB n‡jv Pvgov
KvUvi Dcvq|
AMfxifv‡e Pvgov KvU‡Z ïaygvÎ Qzwii gv_v
e¨eüZ nq| G&B Qzwii gv_v w`‡q mn‡R Nywi‡q Pvgov KvUv hvq| †mvRvfv‡e Pvgov
KvUvi †ÿ‡Î MwZ axi nq Ges e¨v‡j _v‡K bv|
AMfxi Ges Mfxi KvUvi e¨envi Kiæb| G‡Z
Pvgovi UzKiv KvU‡Z mg_© n‡eb|
KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖvšÍ eivei KvUv Lye mnR
nq| Gfv‡eB †Kv‡bv UzKiv KvUvi KvR †kl Ki‡Z nq| gReyZ mg¯Í Pvgov‡K A‡bKÿY a‡I
ivLv AZ¨šÍ K‡ói| ZvB Pvgov KvUv †k‡l Avcwb K¬všÍ Ges `ye©j n‡q co‡eb|
GLv‡b GK UzK‡iv-wW-3 KvUvi ci cieZx©
av‡ci cÖ¯‘Z n‡jv|
Pvgov KvUvi wUcm
‡ewkifvM Pvgov m¤úwK©Z cÖK‡í Pvgov KvUv
nq| Pvgov KvUvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb mwVK g‡bv‡hvM I avi‡jv †eøW| Avcbv‡K Pvgov cwigvc
Kivi ci †ÿÎdj wPwýZ K‡I mgZj RvqMvq KvU‡Z nq| Pvgov‡K Aek¨B †fRv Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z
n‡e †hb Kv‡Ri mgq mn‡R Ges wbcyYfv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| cvwbi †¯úª †evZ‡ji mvnv‡h¨
A_ev †fRv ¯úÄ Gi gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© Pvgov‡K nvjKv I mylgfv‡e †fRv‡Z nq|
Pvgov‡K mgZjfv‡e Kg©¯’‡j weQv‡bv nq|
we‡kl K‡i Pvgovi mgZj c„ô‡K iÿvq ivevi g¨vU e¨envi Kiv nq| GB g¨vU hš¿cvwZ‡K
wb‡Pi Zj Øviv bó nIqv †_‡K iÿv K‡i|
Pvgovi c„‡ô KvwUs jvBb ˆZwi‡Z †cwÝj,
†ivjvi ev MRMvwV e¨envi Kiæb| †cwÝj w`‡q nvjKvfv‡e wPý w`b †hb Pvgovi `vM bv
c‡o|
euvKv jvBb‡K †Uªm Ki‡Z †d«Ý Kvf© ev
Ab¨vb¨ †MvjvKvi cÖvšÍ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
AswKZ jvB‡bi mv‡_ †mvRv cÖv‡šÍ avZe
†ivjvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| †mvRv cÖv‡šÍi †gvUv †ivjv‡ii Rb¨ KvwUs †eøW k³ _vK‡e|
Pvgov KvUvi Rb¨ †mvRv cÖvšÍ eivei e¨eüZ
Qzwi‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Qzwi Pvjv‡bvi mgq GwU‡K †mvRv cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ †P‡c ivL‡Z
n‡e|
Qzwi wbqš¿‡Y †i‡L Pvgovi Mfxi ch©šÍ
KvU‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b Abyhvqx Pvgov KvU‡Z _vKzb|
euvKv jvBb eivei GKBfv‡e KvUzb| hw` d«x
n¨vÛ WªBs K‡I _v‡Kb Z‡e QzwiUv Pvgovi mv‡d‡mi mv‡_ Lvivfv‡e ivLyb| Pvgov KvUv
ch©šÍ WªBs jvBb eivei Qwei Av‡jv cvm Kivb|
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Qzwii †eøW cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
n‡e| cÖKí mg‡qi Rb¨ GKUv ‡eøW †UKmB Kiv DwPZ|
‡Lqvj ivL‡eb Pvgovq †hb cvwb bv c‡o|
Pvgvovi UzKivq GK †duvUv cvwb co‡j `vM cÖwZ‡iv‡a m¤ú~Y© Pvgov‡K †fRv‡Z n‡e|
wk‡ivbvg-nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvU|
D‡Ïk¨- nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Pvgov KvU‡Z mg_©
n‡eb|
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`
KvUvi Qzwi
‡cwÝj
KvwUs c¨vUvb©
iæjvi
‡d«Ý Kvf©
KuvwP
KvwUs †evW©
Pvgovi DcKiY
c×wZ
cÖwkÿK‡K AewnZ Kiæb †h, Avcwb Kv‡Ri Rb¨
cÖ¯‘Z|
cÖwkÿK GLb Avcbv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj
hš¿cvwZ, `ªevw` I KvwUs c¨vUvb© mieivn Ki‡eb|
c¨vUvb© cixÿv K‡i Kv‡Ri Pvwn`v †gvZ‡eK
Pvgov KvU‡Z n‡e|
¸YMZgvb AR©‡b c¨vUvb©, Qzwi I Qzwi I
KvwUs †ev‡W©i ÎæwUmg~n wPwýZ K‡i wi‡cv©U Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv I ¸bMZgvb Abyhvqx KvUv
Ask¸‡jv‡K cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|
evwZj Pvgovi UzKiv¸‡jv wPwýZ I ¯’vcb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gici djvdj msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
hš¿cvwZ I Kvh©‡ÿ·K Av`k©gvb Abyhvqx
cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e|
me‡k‡l Ave©Rbv mwVKfv‡e AcmviY Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Kvh©m¤úv`b I gvb`‡Ûi ZvwjKv
Avwg wK
mvBR Ges Drcv`b wb‡`©kvejx Abymv‡i
KvwUs hš¿cvwZ Ges c¨vUvb© wbe©vPb K‡iwQ?
KvwUs Gi Rb¨ hš¿cvwZ msMÖn, evQvB Ges
myweb¨¯Í Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ?
KvwUs Gi mgq Pvgovi `vM, wPý Ges
ÎæwUmg~n fv‡jvfv‡e cixÿv K‡iwQ?
KviLvbvi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wewfbœ As‡ki
Rb¨ Pvgovi UzKiv evQvB K‡i Ggbfv‡e c¨vUvb© ˆZwi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ †hb Aí cwigvY eR©¨
Drcbœ nq|
c¨vUv‡b©i AvKvi I AvK…wZ Ges Pvgovi
¸YMZgvb eRvq ‡i‡L KvwUs †KŠkj e¨envi K‡iwQ?
KvUv UzKiv mwVKfv‡e mvBR K‡i, Pvgovi
†MÖBb, c¨vUb©, Kvjvi Ges AvK…wZ Abyhvqx gvbvbmB K‡i ¸wQ‡q †i‡LwQ?
KviLvbvi KZ…©K wba©vwiZ ¸YMZgvb Ges
Kvh© wb‡`©kbv †g‡b KvUv UzK‡iv¸‡jv cixÿv K‡iwQ?
evwZj UzKiv¸‡jv AcmviY K‡i †iKW© msiÿY
K‡iwQ?
Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi gvb Abymv‡i Kg©‡ÿÎ I hš¿cvwZ
cwi®‹vi K‡iwQ?
KviLvbvi wbqg bxwZ Abymv‡i eR©¨ AcmviY
Ki‡Z ‡c‡iwQ?
mÿgZv mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv
nvZ w`‡q Pvgov KvUv gwWD‡j †hvM¨Zv
g~j¨vq‡bi gvb`‡Ûi ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ †`qv n‡jv-
Kvh©m¤úv`b gvb`Û
1| cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I †gwkb e¨env‡ii
mgq, c~‡e© I c‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj wbivcËv welqvejx ev wbqg-bxwZ gvbv n‡q‡Q|
2| cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I †gwkb e¨env‡ii
mgq, c~‡e© I c‡i Awbivc` I ÎæwUc~Y© hš¿cvwZmg~n wPwýZ Kiv Ges wba©vwiZ c×wZ
Abymv‡i †m¸‡jv †givgZ n‡q‡Q|
3| e¨vw³MZ wbivcËv †ckvK cwiavb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4| KviLvbvi wbqg Abymv‡i Kvg©‡ÿ‡Î ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5| Drcv`bKvixi wb‡`©kbv Ges Kvh©wb‡`©kbv
I mvBR Abymv‡i KvwUs hš¿cvwZ Ges c¨vUvb©mg~n wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6| KvwUs Gi Rb¨ DcKiY msMÖn, evQvB I
myweb¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7| KvwUs †evW© wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi I msiÿY
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8| Z_¨vejx msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
9| KvwUs Gi mgq Pvgovi `vM, wPý Ges
ÎæwUmg~‡ni cixÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10| KviLvbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Aí eR©¨ Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ c¨vUvb© I UzKiv we‡ePbv Kiv Ges wewfbœ As‡ki Rb¨ Pvgov evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q|
11| c¨vUvb©, bvBd Ges KvwUs †ev‡W©i
mgm¨v Ges ÎæwUmg~n wPwýZ K‡i †givg‡Zi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
12| eR©¨ Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ KvwUs bvBd Ges
c¨vUvb© mg~‡ni e¨envi n‡q‡Q|
13| DbœZgv‡bi Pvgovq c¨vUb©mg~n ¯’vcb
Kivi `vM, wPý Ges ÎæwUmg~n Gwo‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q|
14| mbv³K…Z ÎæwUc~Y© Ask Gwo‡q c¨vUvb©
¯’vcb n‡q‡Q|
15| c¨vUv‡bi mv‡_ gvbvbmB KvwUs †KŠk‡ji
e¨envi n‡q‡Q|
16| mvBR, Pvgovi †MÖBb, c¨vUvb©, Kvjvi
Ges †mBW Abyhvqx UyKiv mwVKfv‡e KvUv n‡q‡Q|
17| UzKiv¸‡jv KviLvbvi KZ©…K wba©vwiZ
¸YMZgvb Ges Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv †g‡b KvUv n‡q‡Q|
18| evwZj UzKiv ¸‡jv Acmvib Ges †iK©W
msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
19| Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi ÷¨vÛvW© Abymv‡i Kg©‡ÿÎ I
hš¿cvwZ cwi®‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
20| KviLvbvi wbqg-bxwZ Abymv‡i eR¨©
AcmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GLb Avwg cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e †hvM¨Zv hvPB‡qi
Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z|